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Objective:To investigate the influence of the teaching model based on the synergy of medical education on the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) scores and critical thinking ability of interns in emergency department.Methods:A total of 84 students who studied as interns in Emergency Department of our hospital from January 2020 to 2021 were selected as research subjects, and they were divided into observation group and control group using a random number table, with 42 students in each group. The students in the control group were taught using traditional methods, while those in the observation group were taught based on the synergy of medical education. Both groups received an OSCE examination, and the two groups were compared in terms of OSCE score, critical thinking ability, and evaluation of teaching. SPSS 22.0 was used to perform the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly higher scores of theoretical assessment, disease assessment, first aid measures, special skills, use of medical instruments, communication skills with SP, and medical record writing and a significantly higher total score of OSCE assessment ( P<0.05). After teaching, both groups had a significant increase in the score of critical thinking ability, and the observation group had a significantly higher score than the control group [(306.38±25.76) vs. (280.39±20.17)]. The observation group had a significantly higher degree of satisfaction with teaching than the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The teaching model based on the synergy of medical education can improve the OSCE score of interns in emergency department and cultivate their critical thinking ability, and there is a relatively high degree of satisfaction with this teaching model.
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As the most aggressive breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is still incurable and very prone to metastasis. The transform growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucially involved in the growth and metastasis of TNBC. This study reported that a natural compound isotoosendanin (ITSN) reduced TNBC metastasis by inhibiting TGF-β-induced EMT and the formation of invadopodia. ITSN can directly interact with TGF-β receptor type-1 (TGFβR1) and abrogated the kinase activity of TGFβR1, thereby blocking the TGF-β-initiated downstream signaling pathway. Moreover, the ITSN-provided inhibition on metastasis obviously disappeared in TGFβR1-overexpressed TNBC cells in vitro as well as in mice bearing TNBC cells overexpressed TGFβR1. Furthermore, Lys232 and Asp351 residues in the kinase domain of TGFβR1 were found to be crucial for the interaction of ITSN with TGFβR1. Additionally, ITSN also improved the inhibitory efficacy of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody for TNBC in vivo via inhibiting the TGF-β-mediated EMT in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings not only highlight the key role of TGFβR1 in TNBC metastasis, but also provide a leading compound targeting TGFβR1 for the treatment of TNBC metastasis. Moreover, this study also points out a potential strategy for TNBC treatment by using the combined application of anti-PD-L1 with a TGFβR1 inhibitor.
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Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) bronchiolitis to provide references for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:From January 2019 to January 2020, the clinical data of children diagnosed with MP bronchiolitis in the Department of Respiratory 2 of Hebei Children′s Hospital were retrospectively collected and analyzed, and the patients were followed up to observe the prognosis.Results:Among the 67 children, there were 39 boys and 28 girls, with age of 5 (1-14) years.All the children had cough, 63 cases (94.0%) had fever, 49 cases (77.8%) had high fever (≥39.0 ℃), and the median total fever course was 8(1-27) d; 10 cases (14.9%) had wheezing; 5 cases (7.5%) had dyspnea; 3 cases (4.5%) had hypoxemia; wet rales were heard in 58 cases (86.6%) and wheezing in 10 cases (14.9%). Forty-eight patients (71.6%) had family allergy history or personal allergy history.The average value of peripheral blood white blood cells was (8.6±2.6)×10 9/L; the me-dian of C reactive protein was 9.1(0.5-55.6) mg/L, of which 7 cases (10.4%) were ≥30 mg/L; the median of lactate dehydrogenase was 278(181-590) U/L.Tree bud sign and central lobular nodules were the main findings of high-resolution CT of the chest.Among them, 45 cases (67.2%) had bilateral lesions, 38 cases (56.7%) involved ≥3 lung lobes, and 22 cases (32.8%) had a little lung consolidation, 19 cases (28.4%) had a small amount of pleural effusion.The bronchoscopic features of 35 children (52.2%): 71.4%(25/35 cases) showed white flocculent and cord-like secretions, 17.1%(6/35 cases) displayed mucus plugs blocking the lumen, and 10.9%(4/35 cases) showed no-dular protrusions and granulation tissue hyperplasia.All children were treated with Azithromycin sequentially; 42 children (62.7%) were treated with low-dose hormones, and the average initiation time was on day (10.62±2.71) and the median course was 14(2-42) d. Sixty-seven cases were followed up for half a year, of which 61 cases (91.0%) had almost complete lung recovery, and 6 cases (9.0%) developed bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). Conclusions:MP bronchiolitis mostly occurs in infants and preschool children with a family history of allergies or personal allergies.Fever and cough are the main clinical manifestations.In severe cases, dyspnea and hypoxemia may occur.The physical signs of the lungs are mainly include wet rales, some of which are wheezing.White flocculent and cord-like secretions are the main manifestations of bronchoscopy.After active treatment, most children have a good prognosis, and some children may develop BO.
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Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose can induce liver injury and is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure in the United States. We investigated the role of p62/SQSTM1 (referred to as p62) in APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) in mice. We found that the hepatic protein levels of p62 dramatically increased at 24 h after APAP treatment, which was inversely correlated with the hepatic levels of APAP-adducts. APAP also activated mTOR at 24 h, which is associated with increased cell proliferation. In contrast, p62 knockout (KO) mice showed increased hepatic levels of APAP-adducts detected by a specific antibody using Western blot analysis but decreased mTOR activation and cell proliferation with aggravated liver injury at 24 h after APAP treatment. Surprisingly, p62 KO mice recovered from AILI whereas the wild-type mice still sustained liver injury at 48 h. We found increased number of infiltrated macrophages in p62 KO mice that were accompanied with decreased hepatic von Willebrand factor (VWF) and platelet aggregation, which are associated with increased cell proliferation and improved liver injury at 48 h after APAP treatment. Our data indicate that p62 inhibits the late injury phase of AILI by increasing autophagic selective removal of APAP-adducts and mitochondria but impairs the recovery phase of AILI likely by enhancing hepatic blood coagulation.
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Objectives To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of necrotizing pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children. Method The clinical data of children with necrotizing pneumonia cause by MP infection from October 2016 to October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 26 children (10 males and 16 females) with an average age of (5.76±2.60) years, were enrolled in the study. All children were characterized by fever and cough. High fever ( ≥ 39.0 ℃) was seen in 23 cases (88.5％) and the total duration of fever was (16.88±7.42) days. Pulmonary auscultation showed a reduction in respiratory sounds in all children. The range of peripheral blood leukocytes were (9.0～36.8) ×109/L, mean peak neutrophil ratio was (69.2±13.2) ％, and the range of C-reactive protein (CRP) was (1～202.5) mg/L. The mean value of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) was (448±247) U/L. At the beginning of the disease, the chest images showed homogeneous solid high-density images over the whole lung lobe and 20 cases (76.9％) were complicated with pleural effusion. At the later stage, lung CT showed thin-walled cavities or multiple air-containing cysts on the basis of lung consolidation. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed lumen obstruction caused by mucus plugs in 23 cases (88.5％) . All the children were treated with methylprednisolone. The dose of 2 mg/ (kg·d) was effective in 21 cases and the fever was relieved in 5 cases after the dose was adjusted to 4 mg/ (kg·d) , and the average hormone application time was (13.08 ± 8.38) d. The median length of hospital stay was [16.5 (7～32) ] d. Two cases were lost to follow-up and 24 cases finished 6-month follow-up. Lung CT showed almost complete recovery of the lungs in 16 cases, residual pleural hypertrophy in 5 cases, and bronchiectasis in 1 case and bronchiolitis obliterans in 2 cases. Conclusion Necrotic pneumonia in children caused by MP infection is characterized by persistent high fever, decreased respiratory sounds, lung consolidation and mucus plugs induced lumen obstruction. The prognosis is relatively good after active anti-infection and hormone therapy.
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Objective@#To investigate the effects of miR-27b targeting ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced inflammatory responses and apoptosis in endothelial cells.@*Methods@#Double luciferase reporter gene analysis verified the targeting effect of miR-27b on TET2. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were induced by ox-LDL in vitro. Eight groups were set up including control group, ox-LDL group, ox-LDL+ anti-miR-con group, ox-LDL+ anti-miR-27b group, ox-LDL+ pcDNA group, ox-LDL+ pcDNA-TET2 group, anti-miR-27b+ si-con group and anti-miR-27b+ si-TET2 group. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-27b and TET2 at mRNA level. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of TET2, Cyclin D1 and caspase-3 at protein level.@*Results@#TET2 was the target gene of miR-27b. TET2 expression could be negatively regulated by miR-27b. ox-LDL increased the expression of miR-27b and reduced the expression of TET2 in HUVECs. The secretion of inflammatory factors and apoptosis rates of HUVECs in the control, ox-LDL+ anti-miR-27b, ox-LDL+ pcDNA-TET2 and anti-miR-27b+ si-con groups were significantly lower than those in the ox-LDL, ox-LDL+ anti-miR-con, ox-LDL+ pcDNA and anti-miR-27b+ si-TET2 groups, respectively (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#miR-27b promoted ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses and apoptosis in endothelial cells through down-regulating the expression of TET2.
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Objective To explore the diagnostic value of thyroglobulin measurement with fine‐needle aspiration ( FNA‐Tg ) in detecting papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC ) metastatic lymph nodes ,and analyze the impact of different factors on the diagnostic accuracy of FNA‐Tg . Methods One hundred and fifty‐four lymph nodes from 138 patients w ho underwent total thyroidectomy and cervical lymphadenectomy were enrolled . Ultrasonography ,fine needle aspiration cytology ( FNAC) and FNA‐Tg results were acquired in all patients . T he diagnostic value of FNAC ,FNA‐Tg and the combination of the two methods were compared in suspicious PTC metastatic lymph nodes . T he influence of lymph nodes size ,lymph nodes cystic change and serum thyroglobulin antibody( TgAb) on the accuracy of FNAC and FNA‐Tg were analyzed . Results T he sensitivities of FNAC ,FNA‐Tg ,and the combination of the two methods in the diagnosis were 79 .5% , 95 .5% and 97 .7% ,respectively . T he specificities were 100% ,93 .9% and 100% ,respectively . T he size and cystic change of lymph nodes had effects on the accuracy of FNAC( P ＜0 .05) ,w hile they had no effect on the accuracy of FNA‐Tg ( P ＝0 .42 ,0 .67 ) . T he serum TgAb level had no influence on the accuracy of FNAC and FNA‐Tg ( P ＝ 0 .88 ,0 .34 ) . Conclusions FNA‐Tg is sensitive to metastatic lymph nodes in PTC w hich not affected by the lymph nodes size ,the lymph nodes cystic change and serum TgAb level . Application of FNA‐Tg with FNAC can improve the sensitivity of diagnosis ,w hich is important in the diagnosis of PTC metastatic lymph nodes .
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Objective To examine the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of ambivalence over emotional expression questionnaire(AEQ) in breast cancer survivors.Methods A total of 323 breast cancer survivors were divided into 2 parts:sample 1 contains 122 breast cancer survivors for item and exploratory factor analysis,while sample 2 contains 201 breast cancer survivors for further confirmatory factor analysis,criterion validity,and internal consistency reliability.Results One-factor construct was determined and the results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that one-factor construct AEQ had a good construct validity (x2/df=1.01,CFI=0.99,TLI=0.99,NFI=0.86,IFI=0.99,RMSEA=0.02).The AEQ score was correlated with TAS-20 (r=0.28,P＜0.01).Cronbach α coefficient,Spearman-Brown split coefficient and the test-retest reliability of AEQ were 0.86,0.80 and 0.79,respectively.Conclusion The AEQ is a reliable tool to assess the ambivalence over emotional expression in Chinese breast cancer survivors.
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Background and purpose:Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is playing an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, therapy and follow-up of lymphoma patients. This study aimed to explore clinical and pathological features and bone marrow infiltration status in lymphoma patients with diffused high bone marrow glucose uptake on18F-FDG PET/CT.Methods:It was a retrospective study. Bone marrow infiltration status, pathological and clinical data from 62 cases of pathologically diagnosed lymphoma and diffused high bone marrow glucose uptake were analyzed.Results:Distribution of histopathological subtype in those cases was in accordance with that in previously reported Chinese lymphoma patients. Significant difference was demonstrated in standard uptake value (SUV) between pa-tients with aggressive and indolent histopathological subtypes (8.43vs 5.38,P=0.048), patients with and without B symp-toms (8.30vs 5.72,P=0.033), and patients with and without bone marrow infiltration (8.78vs 6.96,P=0.020). 32 patients were diagnosed as “bone marrow infiltration” by bone marrow biopsy. There was significant difference in histopathologi-cal subtype distribution between patients with and without bone marrow infiltration (P=0.001). In patients with bone marrow infiltration, there were higher proportions of mantle cell lymphoma, nodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma, Burkitt’s lym-phoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. In contrast, patients without bone marrow infiltration suffered more from diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, peripheral T cell lymphoma, enteropathic T cell lymphoma and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (nasal type). False positive results in bone marrow glucose uptake may be caused by fever or anemia.Conclusion:Diffused high bone marrow glucose uptake on18F-FDG PET/CT should be evaluated in combination with the uptake values, clinical features and histological subtypes, to minimize the misdiagnosis and to better guide staging and therapy of lymphoma.
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Aim To observe the retinal angiogenesis and detect the altered expression of genes related with angiogenesis and oxidative stress during the develop-ment of oxygen-induced retinopathy ( OIR) in newborn mice. Methods OIR was established in newborn mice according to the protocol of Smith et al. Newborn mice at 7 days old were placed into 75 . 5% oxygen for up to 5 days, and then they were put in room air for another 5 days. Retinal neovascularization was ob-served by immunofluorescence staining with cluster of differentiation 31 ( CD31 ) . Gene expression was de-tected using Real-time PCR analysis. Retinal CD31 immunofluorescence staining assay showed that relative hypoxia induced retinal neovascularization in OIR mice after hyperoxia-induced subside of retinal microvascu-lar. Results Real-time PCR analysis showed that vas-cular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF) and its recep-tor ( VEGFR) such as VEGFA, VEGFD, VEGFR1, VEGFR2 gene expression were increased in OIR mouse as compared to control. Platelet-derived growth factor ( PDGF) and its receptor ( PDGFR) such as PDGFA, PDGFB, PDGFRa, PDGFRb gene expression was also increased in OIR mouse as compared to control. Matrix metalloproteinases ( MMPs ) such as MMP2 gene ex-pression were increased in OIR mouse as compared to control. Gene expressions of nuclear factor-related fac-tor ( Nrf2 ) and its downstream genes such as the two subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase ( GCL):the cata-lytic subunit ( GCLC) and regulatory subunit ( GCLM) were both decreased in OIR mouse as compared to con-trol. Conclusion Our research demonstrates that the expression of genes related with angiogenesis is in-creased in retinas in the development of OIR in mice, whereas the expression of Nrf2 and its downstream genes is all decreased.
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Aim To study the activation of Nrf2 in-duced by baicalein ( BAI ) , and its protection against carbon tetrachloride ( CCl4 ) , ethanol and acetamino-phen ( APAP )-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods A reporter gene assay was conducted in human normal liver L-02 cells to detect the activation of transcription factor Nrf2 induced by baicalein. APAP ( 10 mmol · L-1 ) , CCl4 (10 mmol·L-1 ) and Ethanol (100 mmol · L-1 ) were used to induce hepatotoxicity in L-02 cells. After the pre-incubation with Baicalein (0, 1, 10, 25, 50, 100 μmol·L-1 ) for 15 min, cells were administrated with or without those above hepatotoxins. 48 h later, cell viability was detected by 3-(4, 5-dim-ethylthiazol-2-yl ) 2 , 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. Results Baicalein (25, 50 μmol· L-1 ) induced the activation of Nrf2 ( P <0. 01 , P <0. 05) in the reporter gene assay. As compared with control, three hepatotoxins ( APAP, CCl4 , Ethanol ) all decreased cell viability ( P<0. 01 ) , and baicalein significantly reversed such decreases in a concentra-tion-dependent manner ( P<0. 01 ) . Conclusion Ba-icalein can induce the activation of transcription factor Nrf2 , which is probably one of the mechanisms con-tributing to the protection of baicalein against hepato-toxins (APAP, CCl4, Ethanol)-induced hepatotoxici-ty.
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Objective To investigate the effect of plasma fibrinogen (Fib) level on stroke recurrence within one year of first-ever ischemic stroke.Methods The patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were enrolled prospectively and were followed up for at least one year.They were divided into either a recurrent group or a non-recurrent group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the risk factors for stroke recurrence within one year of first-ever ischemic stroke.According to the plasma Fib levels of the early onset,the patients were divided into a high Fib group and a normal Fib group.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the recurrence between the two groups.Results A total of 121 patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke were enrolled,111 completed one year follow up,and 30 of them (27.027％) had recurrent stroke.Multivariatelogistic regression analysis showed that the increased plasma Fib level (odds ratio [OR] 13.238,95％ confidence interval [CI] 1.152-152.077; P=0.038),older at the first onset (OR 1.321,95％ CI1.064-1.641;P=0.012),high body mass index(OR 1.351,95％ CI 1.001-1.823; P=0.049),and poor compliance of antiplatelet drugs (OR 36.819,95％ CI 1.890-717.143; P=0.017) and antihypertensive drugs (OR 50.765,95％ CI 3.198-805.878; P =0.005) were the dependent the risk factors for stroke recurrence within one year of first-ever ischemic stroke.Kaplan-Meier survival function curves showed that the recurrence rate of stroke in the high Fib group was significantly higher than that in the normalFib group (Log-rank test,P =0.000).Conclusions The increased high plasma Fib level,advanced age,obesity,as well as poor compliance of antiplatelet drugs and antihypertensive drugs were the independent risk factors for stroke recurrence within one year of first-ever ischemic stroke.
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The present study was designed to observe the protection of Grateloupia filicina polysaccharide (GFP) against hepatotoxicity induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L in mice and its underlying mechanism. GFP was intragastrically (ig) given to mice at various doses. After 6 days, the mice were treated with ethyl acetate extract of Dioscorea bulbifera L (EF, ig). Serum levels of alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) were measured, and liver histological evaluation was conducted. Furthermore, reductions of liver glutathione (GSH) amount and glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL) activity were tested. The expressions of GCL-c, GCL-m, and HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) in liver were observed by Western-blot. The results showed that GFP (600 mg x kg(-1)) decreased EF-induced the increase of serum ALT, AST and TB, and GFP (400, 600 mg x kg(-1)) inhibited EF-induced the increase of serum ALP. Liver histological evaluation showed that the liver injury induced by EF was relieved after treated with GFP. GFP further increased liver GSH amount and reversed EF-induced the decrease of GCL activity. The Western-blot result showed that GFP augmented EF-induced the increase of HO-1, and reversed EF-induced the decrease of GCL-c. In conclusion, GFP can act against the oxidative stress liver injury induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L in mice.
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Bibenzyl is a type of active compounds abundant in Dendrobium. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of six bibenzyls isolated from Dendrobium species on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced tube formation in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). All those bibenzyls inhibited VEGF-induced tube formation at 10 micromol x L(-1) except tristin, and of which moscatilin was found to have the strongest activity at the same concentration. The lowest effective concentration of moscatilin was 1 micromol x L(-1). Further results showed that moscatilin inhibited VEGF-induced capillary-like tube formation on HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting results showed that moscatilin also inhibited VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Further results showed that moscatilin inhibited VEGF-induced activation of c-Raf and MEK1/2, which are both upstream signals of ERK1/2. Taken together, results presented here demonstrated that moscatilin inhibited angiogenesis via blocking the activation of VEGFR2 (Flk-1/KDR) and c-Raf-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signals.
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Objective To develop questionnaires to indentify research motivation and its related psychological factors for medical postgraduates.Methods The questionnaire was developed based on previous literature and case interview by using self-determination theory as the theoretical framework.Delphi method and stratified factor analysis were used to examine the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results The questionnaires included 2 sections:research motivation questionnaire and related psychological factors questionnaire.The Cranach's α of each questionnaire was 0.89 and 0.90 and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.74 and 0.80.The content validity (CVI) of each questionnaire was 0.958 and 0.935,and stratified factor analysis demonstrated that the items of each dimension could account for more than 40％ of the accumulated variance.Conclusion The questionnaires have good reliability and validity and could be applied.
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Metabolic profile of bile acids was used to evaluate hepatotoxicity of mice caused by ethanol extraction of Dioscorea bulbifera L. (ethanol extraction, ET) and diosbulbin B (DB), separately. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) was applied to determine the contents of all kinds of endogenous bile acids including free bile acids, taurine conjugates and glycine conjugates. Obvious liver injuries could be observed in mice after administrated with ET and DB. Based on the analysis using principle components analysis (PCA), toxic groups could be distinguished from their control groups, which suggested that the variance of the contents of bile acids could evaluate hepatotoxicity caused by ET and DB. Meanwhile, ET and DB toxic groups were classified in the same trends comparing to control groups in the loading plot, and difference between the two toxic groups could also be observed. DB proved to be one of the toxic components in Dioscorea bulbifera L. Bile acids of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), cholic acid (CA) and others proved to be important corresponds to ET and DB induced liver injury according to analysis of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and the statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences between the control groups and toxic groups (P < 0.01). Furthermore, good correlation could be revealed between the foregoing bile acids and ALT, AST. It indicated that taurine conjugated bile acids as TUDCA, TCDCA, TCA and TDCA along with CA could be considered as sensitive biomarkers of ET and DB induced liver injury. This work can provide the base for the further research on the evaluation and mechanism of hepatotoxicity caused by Dioscorea bulbifera L.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the alkaloids from Senecio scandens.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. The hepatic cytotoxicity of isolated compounds was tested by MTT method in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six alkaloids were obtained and identified as adonifoline (1), 7-angeloylturneforcidine (2), hordenine (3), 1, 3, 6, 6-tetramethyl-5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydro-isoquinolin-8-one (4), 4-(pyrrolidin-2-one) -phenyl acetic acid (5), (4-pyrrolidinophenyl) acetic acid (6).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 6 is a new natural product, compounds 3, 4 were obtained from the genus Senecio for the first time, compounds 2, 5 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 showed significant growth inhibitory effect against hepatocyte at 100 micromol x L(-1).</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Acetic Acid , Chemistry , Alkaloids , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Methods , Dextrans , Chemistry , Hepatocytes , Lactones , Metabolism , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred ICR , Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids , Metabolism , Pharmacology , Senecio , Chemistry , Silica Gel , Tyramine , PharmacologyABSTRACT
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of mitochondrial motility-related gene mirol and mitochondrial energy metabolism during an acute bout of prolonged exercise. Methods CS7 BL/6 mice underwent a moderate intensity treadmill running with the slope of 0° and at the speed of 13m/min, and they were randomly divided into 5 groups:resting group(R),exercise groups running for 30min(E30),60min(E60),90min (E90) and 120min(E120),respectively. Respiratory control index and ATP synthesis activity in isolated mitochondria were detected. Skeletal muscle H_2O_2 concentration,mirol mRNA expressions were also measured. Results (1)mirol mRNA contents were significantly increased in groups E30 to E120,as compared with the group R;and mirol mRNA expression increased 32.8%, 107.6%,63.8% and 44.8% respectively in groups E30 to E120. (2)H_2O_2 contents of skeletal muscle were clearly increased in group s E30 to E120. (3)ATP synthesis activity elevated at 30 min of exercise and returned to the baseline thereafter,whereas respiratory control index without remarkable change in groups E30 to E120. Conclusion Muscular mirol mRNA expression significantly increased during 120min of exercise as compared with the resting status and thus facilitated the mitochondrial respiratory and ATP synthesis for matching the energy demand during exercise.
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BACKGROUND:The differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a hot research. Whether brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) can induce the differentiation of NSCs into neurons has not been detailed studied. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different concentrations of BDNF on the differentiation of NSCs from adult rat hippocampus into neurons in the medium with epidermal growth factor. DESIGN:A controlled study. SETTING:Department of Human Anatomy, China Medical University. MATERIALS:The experiment was performed at the Neurotomia Laboratory of China Medical University in August 2007. NSCs isolated from hippocampus of adult SD rats were inoculated in a serum-free medium. Three clean adult SD rats (200-250 g each) were provided by Laboratory Animal Department of China Medical University. Dispositions to the rats were consistent with ethical standards of animals. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and BDNF were bought from R&D Company. METHODS:①NSCs obtained from rat hippocampus were cultured in the serum-free medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), EGF and B27. ②Single cell clone was obtained via limited dilution for the fourth passage of cells. Identification of NSCs for the passage of cells from monoclonal spheres was performed by Nestin immunocytochemistry. Neurons and astroglial cells were identified by immunocytochemistry for neuron specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) a week after differentiation. ③Differentiation for the monoclonal spheres was done to appraisal the proportion of neurons. NSCs were divided for several groups containing 0 μg/L, 50 μg/L, 100 μg/L, 150 μg/L, and 200 μg/L groups according to the doses of BDNF. EGF was added in the media of each group. Immunocytochemistry for NSE was done a week later to count the positive cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Proportion of neurons differentiated from NSCs.RESULTS:①NSCs immunocytochemical staining showed that Nestin was positive in monoclonal spheres, and NSE and GFAP were positive in differentiated cells. ②The proportion of differentiation from NSCs into neurons was significantly higher in groups treated with 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L BDNF compared to other groups（t=2.502-5.025, P < 0.05）, but there was no significant difference between 50 μg/L and 100 μg/L BDNF groups（P > 0.05）. Moreover, no significant difference was detected among 0 μg/L, 150 μg/L and 200 μg/L BDNF groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION:The optimal concentration of BDNF is 50 μg/L for differentiation from NSCs into neurons while the concentration of EGF is 20 μg/L.
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Object In order to obtain further evidence of therapeutic efficacy of sophoramine (SA) *, its effect on transplantation rejection was studied with simultaneous exploration of its mechanism of action Methods Number of T lymphocyte and its sub sets of skin allografted rat model were determined by immunofluorescence technique, and proliferation of T lymphocyte was assessed by thiazolyl blue (MTT) assay Results SA reduced the CD 3 and C 4 cell counts, lowered CD 4/C 8 ratio, inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation and prolonged the survival time of skin allografted rat Conclusion SA could inhibit transplantation rejection by inhibiting the function of T lymphocyte with simultaneous reduction of lymphocyte count